Fahr's syndrome: bilateral basal ganglia calcifications presenting as psychosis with manic characteristics

Dashtseren Y, Dashtseren P. Fahr's syndrome: bilateral basal ganglia calcifications presenting as psychosis with manic characteristics. Case Study and Case Report 2023; 13(2): 12 - 16. ABSTRACT Fahr's syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative condition characterized by symmetric bilateral basal ganglia calcifications. While the majority of cases are genetic with autosomal dominant inheritance, a small minority are sporadic with no metabolic or other underlying factors found. Fahr's syndrome manifests neurological and psychological symptoms such as movement abnormalities, seizures, psychosis, and depression. Almost 40% of people with basal ganglia calcification have mental symptoms such as mania, apathy, or psychosis. We discuss the case of a 52-year-old woman with no prior medical or psychiatric history who arrived with altered mental status that developed to psychosis over the course of three years. On one visit, the patient had increased liver enzymes and a positive antinuclear antibody panel but no electrolyte problems or movement issues. In the emergency department, the patient was diagnosed with nonspecific psychosis, which was later corrected to Fahr's syndrome, which was verified by neuroimaging. This report details her Fahr's syndrome appearance, clinical symptoms, and therapy. Above important, it emphasizes the significance of a thorough workup and adequate follow-up for middle-aged and older patients with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, as Fahr's syndrome can be difficult to diagnose in the early stages. Key words: Fahr's syndrome, cognitive, behavior